When Risks Collide: Compound Vulnerability to Natural Disasters, Market Fluctuations, and Pandemics – Insight from Enrekang, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
resilience,
agrarian communities,
adaptation,
climate change
Main Article Content
Abstract
The vulnerability of agrarian communities to shocks, seasonality, and long-term trends is a complex challenge that requires holistic analysis. This study aims to analyze the dynamic interaction between the three dimensions of vulnerability (shock-seasonality-trend) in agrarian communities in disaster-prone areas, using a holistic approach that fills the gap in previous literature, which tends to be partial. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews (25 key informants), focus group discussions (4 sessions), and secondary document analysis. The findings reveal that: (1) Shocks such as natural disasters and disease outbreaks weaken economic resilience due to infrastructure damage and health costs; (2) Seasonal pressures (pest attacks, price fluctuations) increase income instability, exacerbated by dependence on monoculture and limited market access; (3) Long-term trends (droughts, climate change) threaten agricultural sustainability through extreme weather and declining land productivity. Community adaptation strategies include crop diversification, the formation of savings and loan groups, and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, but these are hampered by a lack of institutional and technological support. This study highlights the need for integrated policies that combine ecosystem-based mitigation, strengthening early warning systems, and climate resilience training programs. The study's implications contribute to the literature on multidimensional vulnerability and provide practical recommendations for achieving sustainable community resilience.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Adger, W. N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 268–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006
Alhafis, M.L., and Purwanti, D. (2021). Home Beef Cattle Farming Business in Indonesia: Is It Efficient? National Seminar on Official Statistics.
Berkes, F., & Ross, H. (2016). Panarchy and community resilience: Sustainability science and policy implications. Environmental Science & Policy, 61, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.04.004
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
DFID. (1999). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets. Department for International Development. https://www.livelihoodscentre.org/documents
Hallegatte, S., Bangalore, M., Bonzanigo, L., Fay, M., Kane, T., Narloch, U., … Vogt-Schilb, A. (2017). Unbreakable: Building the resilience of the poor in the face of natural disasters. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1003-9
IPCC. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
June Ekawati, Eny Sulistyowati. 2021. Kerentanan Ekonomi di Area Permukiman Terdampak Bencana Lumpur Lapindo, Sidoarjo. https://doi.org/10.31815/jp.2021.16.41-53.
Mardiah, A. N. R., Lovett, J. C., & Evanty, N. (2017). Toward Integrated and Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Review of Regulatory Frameworks and Institutional Networks (pp. 57–84). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_3
Mbow, C., Rosenzweig, C., Barioni, L. G., Benton, T. G., Herrero, M., Krishnapillai, M., Liwenga, E., Pradhan, P., Rivera-Ferre, M. G., Sapkota, T., Tubiello, F. N., & Xu, Y. (2019). Food security. In Climate change and land (pp. 437–550). IPCC.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30045-2
Novia Destriani, Adjie Pamungkas. 2013. Identifikasi Daerah Kawasan Rentan Tanah Longsor dalam KSN Gunung Merapi di Kabupaten Sleman. https://doi.org/10.12962/J23373539.V2I2.3772.
O’Brien, K., Selboe, E., & Hayward, B. M. (2022). Navigating transformation in a changing climate: Toward contextual and relational vulnerability frameworks. Global Environmental Change, 72, 102434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102434
Putra, D. I., & Matsuyuki, M. (2019). Disaster Management Following Decentralization in Indonesia: Regulation, Institutional Establishment, Planning, and Budgeting. Journal of Disaster Research, 14(1), 173–187. https://doi.org/10.20965/JDR.2019.P0173
Rosmayani Noor Latifah, Adjie Pamungkas. 2013. Identifikasi Faktor-Faktor Kerentanan Terhadap Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Kecamatan Liang Anggang Kota Banjarbaru. https://doi.org/10.12962/J23373539.V2I2.3930.
Singh, R. K., Singh, A., Kumar, S., Sheoran, P., Sharma, D. K., Stringer, L. C., Quinn, C. H., Kumar, A., & Singh, D. (2020). Perceived Climate Variability and Compounding Stressors: Implications for Risks to Livelihoods of Smallholder Indian Farmers. Environmental Management, 66(5), 826–844. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00267-020-01345-X
Singhal, S., & Tarp, F. (2024). Commodity price volatility and the psychological well‐being of farmers. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12468.
Surminski, S., & Thieken, A. H. (2017). Promoting flood insurance in the EU: Lessons from the comparative analysis. Climate Policy, 17(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1127271
Tanner, T., Lewis, D., Wrathall, D., Bronen, R., Cradock-Henry, N., Huq, S., Lawless, C., Nawrotzki, R., Prasad, V., Rahman, M. A., Alaniz, R., King, K., McNamara, K., Nadiruzzaman, M., Henly-Shepard, S., & Thomalla, F. (2015). Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change. Nature Climate Change, 5(1), 23–26.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2431
Triyanti, A., Surtiari, G. A. K., Lassa, J., Rafliana, I., Hanifa, N. R., Muhidin, M. I., & Djalante, R. (2022). Governing systemic and cascading disaster risk in Indonesia: where do we stand and future outlook. Disaster Prevention and Management, 32(1), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2022-0156
UNEP. (2021). Adaptation gap report 2021: The gathering storm. United Nations Environment Programme.
https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210056083
Y. Rahmi, Arif Satria. 2015. Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Kerentanan Masyarakat Pesisir Terhadap Bencana dengan Upaya Pengurangan Risiko Bencana (PRB). https://doi.org/10.25015/PENYULUHAN.V9I2.9907.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.