Karakterisasi Mikrostruktur dan Komposisi Elemental Whey Protein sebagai Bahan Film Biodegradable
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SEM,
EDS,
Edible Film,
Biodegradable
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Abstract
Akumulasi limbah plastik yang menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan lingkungan mendorong pengembangan bahan kemasan pangan ramah lingkungan, salah satunya melalui penelitian penggunaan whey protein sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan film biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mikrostruktur dan komposisi unsur whey protein menggunakan teknik Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), serta mengevaluasi kaitannya dengan potensi aplikasi whey protein sebagai bahan film biodegradable. Serangkaian pengamatan mikrostruktur dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pemindai (SEM), sedangkan analisis komposisi unsur dilakukan melalui spektroskopi sinar-X dispersi energi (EDS) untuk mengetahui profil kandungan unsur pada permukaan whey protein. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menginterpretasikan sifat morfologi dan kimia dari sampel. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa whey protein memiliki struktur permukaan yang kasar, tidak beraturan, dan cenderung membentuk agregat yang ditandai dengan pori-pori mikroskopis. Sifat-sifat ini mendukung luas permukaan yang tinggi dan reaktivitas yang baik, meskipun agregasi yang besar dapat berdampak negatif terhadap stabilitas dan homogenitas larutan. Hasil EDS menunjukkan dominasi unsur karbon dan oksigen, serta keberadaan mineral seperti natrium (Na), kalium (K), kalsium (Ca), dan magnesium (Mg). Mineral-mineral ini diketahui berperan dalam pembentukan jaringan dan stabilitas struktur protein melalui ikatan ionik. Kombinasi antara mikrostruktur yang kompleks dan komposisi unsur fungsional menjadikan whey protein sebagai bahan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi film biodegradable yang mendukung inovasi kemasan pangan berkelanjutan.
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